Europe has seen the greatest growth in
paragliding, with France alone registering in 2011 over 25,000 active pilots.
Wing
Cross section of a paraglider
Transverse cross section showing parts of a
paraglider:
1) upper surface
2) lower surface
3) rib
4) diagonal rib
5) upper line cascade
6) middle line cascade
7) lower line cascade
8) risers
The paraglider wing or canopy is usually
what is known in engineering as a "ram-air airfoil". Such wings
comprise two layers of fabric that are connected to internal supporting
material in such a way as to form a row of cells. By leaving most of the cells
open only at the leading edge, incoming air keeps the wing inflated, thus
maintaining its shape. When inflated, the wing's cross-section has the typical
teardrop aerofoil shape. Modern paraglider wings are made of high-performance
non-porous materials such as ripstop polyester[12] or nylon fabric.[note 1]
徐匯區通用滑翔傘哪家好
These developments were combined in June
1978 by three friends, Jean-Claude Bétemps, André Bohn and Gérard Bosson, from
Mieussy, Haute-Savoie, France. After inspiration from an article on slope
soaring in the Parachute Manual magazine by parachutist and publisher Dan
Poynter,[7] they calculated that on a suitable slope, a "square"
ram-air parachute could be inflated by running down the slope; Bétemps launched
from Pointe du Pertuiset, Mieussy, and flew 100 m. Bohn followed him and glided
down to the football pitch in the valley 1000 metres below.[8]
"Parapente" (pente being French for "slope") was born.
From the 1980s, equipment has continued to
improve, and the number of paragliding pilots and established sites has
continued to increase. The first (unofficial) Paragliding World Championship
was held in Verbier, Switzerland, in 1987,[9] though the first officially
sanctioned FAI World Paragliding Championship was held in K?ssen, Austria, in
1989.[10]
嘉定區**滑翔傘好貨源好價格
滑翔傘拖曳發射,波蘭米羅斯瓦維采
滑翔傘降落在印度Azheekkod海灘
與所有飛機一樣,發射和降落都是在風中完成的。機翼通過奔跑或被拉動或存在的風被置于氣流中。機翼在飛行員上方向上移動到可以運載乘客的位置。然后將飛行員從地面抬起,經過一段安全時期后,可以坐在他的安全帶中。與跳傘運動員不同,滑翔傘與懸掛式滑翔傘一樣,在此過程中不會隨時“跳”起來。在高地上使用了兩種發射技術[20],在平地地區使用了一種輔助發射技術:
向前發射
在低風中,機翼通過向前發射而膨脹,飛行員在前進時將機翼向后移動,以便向前運動產生的氣壓使機翼膨脹。
這通常更容易,因為飛行員只需要向前跑,但是飛行員直到機翼上方都看不到他的機翼為止,在那里他必須在很短的時間內檢查一下機翼,以確保發射前有正確的充氣和不糾纏的線。
大約在那個時候,大衛·巴里什(David Barish)正在開發用于恢復NASA太空艙的“帆翼”(單面翼)-“高聳的斜坡是一種測試……帆翼的方法。” 在對Hunter進行測試之后1965年9月,他在紐約的山上繼續推廣滑雪勝地的夏季活動[6] [7]。
作者Walter Neumark撰寫了《降落傘操作程序》,并于1973年與一群對拖曳PC和ram-air降落傘充滿熱情的愛好者脫離了英國降落傘協會,成立了英國降落傘俱樂部協會(此協會后來成為英國的滑翔傘和滑翔傘協會)。 1997年,紐馬克(Neumark)被英國皇家航空俱樂部(Royal Aero Club)授予獎牌。作家Patrick Gilligan(加拿大)和Bertrand Dubuis(瑞士)于1985年撰寫了首本飛行手冊《滑翔傘手冊》,創造了滑翔傘一詞。
1978年6月,來自法國上薩瓦省Mieussy的三個朋友Jean-ClaudeBétemps,AndréBohn和GérardBosson將這些發展合并在一起。在跳傘者和發行人丹·波因特(Dan Poynter)在《降落傘手冊》雜志上發表的一篇有關坡度飛漲的文章的靈感啟發之后,[7]他們計算出,在合適的坡度上,可以通過順著坡道向“方形”的沖壓空氣降落傘充氣; Bétemps從Mieussy的Pointe du Pertuiset發射升空100 m。博恩跟隨他,滑到1000米以下山谷的足球場。
熱飛行
托里·派恩斯滑翔傘在空中滑翔傘
當太陽溫暖地面時,它將使某些功能比其他功能(例如巖石表面或大型建筑物)加熱得更多,而這些功能會引發通過空氣上升的熱量。有時,這些可能只是空氣的簡單上升;通常,它們在風中向側面吹,會從源頭脫落,隨后形成新的熱量。
一旦飛行員找到了熱量,他便開始繞圈飛行,試圖將圓圈定位在熱量**強的部分(“**”)上,其中空氣的上升**快。大多數飛行員使用可變高度計(“ vario”),通過嘟嘟聲和/或視覺顯示來指示爬升率,以幫助將熱量插入磁芯中。
通常情況下,周圍的熱源周圍有很強的水槽,當飛行員試圖進入強熱源時,也存在強烈的湍流,導致機翼塌陷。良好的熱力飛行是一項需要花費時間學習的技能,但是好的飛行員通常可以將熱力一直貫穿到整個云層。
越野飛行
一旦掌握了使用熱量來獲得高度的技巧,飛行員就可以從一個熱量滑到另一個熱量來穿越國家。在熱量中獲得高度后,飛行員會下滑到下一個可用熱量。
潛在的熱量可以通過通常會產生熱量的陸地特征或積云來識別,這些積云標志著上升的一列溫暖,潮濕的空氣在到達**并凝結成云時的頂部。
越野飛行員還需要熟悉航空法律,飛行法規,指示空域受限的航空地圖等。
連云港官方滑翔傘詢問報價
徐匯區通用滑翔傘哪家好
Radio
Radio communications are used in training,
to communicate with other pilots, and to report where and when they intend to
land. These radios normally operate on a range of frequencies in different
countries—some authorised,[18][19] some illegal but tolerated locally. Some
local authorities (e.g., flight clubs) offer periodic automated weather updates
on these frequencies. In rare cases, pilots use radios to talk to airport
control towers or air traffic controllers. Many pilots carry a cell phone so
they can call for pickup should they land away from their intended point of
destination.
GPS
GPS (global positioning system) is a
necessary accessory when flying competitions, where it has to be demonstrated
that way-points have been correctly passed. The recorded GPS track of a flight
can be used to analyze flying technique or can be shared with other pilots. GPS
is also used to determine drift due to the prevailing wind when flying at
altitude, providing position information to allow restricted airspace to be
avoided and identifying one's location for retrieval teams after landing out in
unfamiliar territory. 徐匯區通用滑翔傘哪家好
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